How to treat allergy to dust mite? - briefly
Effective control relies on reducing exposure—use allergen‑impermeable mattress and pillow covers, wash bedding in ≥60 °C water weekly, maintain indoor humidity below 50 % and remove carpets—and on pharmacologic relief with intranasal corticosteroids or oral antihistamines. For persistent cases, allergen‑specific immunotherapy offers a disease‑modifying option.
How to treat allergy to dust mite? - in detail
Dust‑mite allergy management begins with accurate diagnosis, typically confirmed by skin‑prick testing or specific IgE measurement. Once sensitivity is established, a multi‑layered approach reduces exposure and mitigates symptoms.
Environmental control measures focus on reducing mite populations in the home. Regular washing of bedding at ≥60 °C removes allergens; encasing mattresses and pillows in allergen‑impermeable covers creates a barrier. Maintaining indoor humidity below 50 % limits mite proliferation; dehumidifiers or air‑conditioning assist in this goal. Carpets, upholstered furniture, and heavy curtains should be vacuumed with HEPA‑equipped devices or removed when possible. Frequent dusting with a damp cloth prevents aerosolization of allergen particles.
Pharmacological therapy addresses acute and chronic manifestations. Oral antihistamines relieve sneezing, itching, and rhinorrhea; second‑generation agents minimize sedation. Intranasal corticosteroids provide potent anti‑inflammatory effects for persistent nasal congestion. Leukotriene‑receptor antagonists serve as adjuncts, particularly when asthma coexists. For severe or refractory cases, short‑acting bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids may be prescribed under medical supervision.
Allergen‑specific immunotherapy offers long‑term disease modification. Subcutaneous injections, administered over several years, gradually increase tolerance to dust‑mite proteins. Sublingual tablets, where available, provide a convenient alternative with comparable efficacy. Immunotherapy requires careful patient selection and monitoring for adverse reactions.
Biologic agents represent an emerging option for patients with uncontrolled asthma linked to dust‑mite sensitization. Anti‑IgE therapy (e.g., omalizumab) reduces exacerbation frequency by neutralizing circulating IgE. Eligibility criteria and cost considerations must be evaluated before initiation.
A comprehensive treatment plan integrates avoidance strategies, appropriate medication, and, when indicated, immune‑modulating therapies. Regular follow‑up enables adjustment of interventions based on symptom control and disease progression.