How to know a cat has ear mites and how to treat them? - briefly
Signs of an ear mite infestation include black, coffee‑ground‑like debris, frequent ear scratching, head shaking, and inflammation of the ear canal. Effective management consists of thorough ear cleaning with a veterinarian‑approved solution followed by topical or systemic acaricide treatment as prescribed by a vet.
How to know a cat has ear mites and how to treat them? - in detail
Ear mite infestation in cats presents with distinct clinical signs. Affected animals frequently shake their heads, scratch the ear region, and may develop a noticeable odor. The ear canal often contains a dark, coffee‑ground‑like debris that is actually a mixture of mites, dead skin, and wax. Inflammation may cause the ear flap to appear reddened or swollen, and prolonged cases can lead to secondary bacterial or yeast infections.
Veterinarians confirm the diagnosis by examining the ear with an otoscope or a handheld microscope. Under magnification, the characteristic oval, translucent mites and their eggs become visible. Cytology slides prepared from ear swabs provide additional confirmation and help assess any concurrent infection.
Effective treatment follows a three‑step protocol:
- Cleaning: Apply a veterinarian‑approved ear cleanser to dissolve debris, then gently flush the canal with a soft syringe. Dry the ear thoroughly before medication.
- Medication: Use a topical acaricide such as selamectin, ivermectin, or milbemycin applied directly to the ear canal. Follow the product’s dosing schedule, typically a single application repeated after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched mites.
- Environmental control: Wash all bedding, toys, and grooming tools in hot water. Vacuum carpets and upholstery to remove fallen mites. Treat any other pets in the household with the same acaricidal regimen.
Re‑examination after the second treatment confirms eradication; the ear should be clear of debris, and no mites should be observed on microscopy. If inflammation persists, adjunctive anti‑inflammatory or antimicrobial therapy may be necessary.
Prevention relies on regular ear inspections, especially for cats with outdoor access or those living with other animals. Routine application of a preventative acaricide, as recommended by a veterinarian, reduces the risk of recurrence.