How to kill lice and nits?

How to kill lice and nits? - briefly

Treat the scalp with a certified pediculicide such as 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % malathion, observe the label‑specified exposure time, then rinse and remove all insects and eggs using a fine‑toothed nit comb. Perform a second application 7–10 days later to eradicate any lice that have hatched after the initial treatment.

How to kill lice and nits? - in detail

Effective eradication of head‑lice infestations requires a combination of chemical, physical, and environmental measures. The adult insects survive only a few days without a host, while their eggs (nits) remain viable for up to ten days. Targeting both stages simultaneously maximizes success.

1. Topical insecticides

   • Permethrin 1 % lotion applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed.
   • Pyrethrin‑based sprays combined with piperonyl‑butoxide for resistance‑prone populations.
   • Dimethicone 4 % or 5 % silicone‑based products that coat and suffocate insects; no resistance reported.
     Apply according to manufacturer instructions, repeat after 7–10 days to intercept newly hatched nits.

2. Manual removal

   • Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair.
   • Section hair, comb from scalp outward in 4‑inch passes.
   • Rinse comb after each pass to prevent re‑infestation.
     Perform daily for at least three consecutive days, then twice weekly for two weeks.

3. Heat treatment

   • Professional hot‑air devices (≥ 130 °C) applied for 10 seconds per section.
   • Home devices delivering 50 °C steam for 10 minutes; ensure hair is not overheated to avoid burns.
     Heat kills both adults and eggs instantly, eliminating need for chemicals.

4. Environmental control

   • Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in water ≥ 60 °C; dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes.
   • Seal non‑washable items in sealed plastic bags for two weeks to deprive lice of a host.
   • Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard vacuum bags immediately.

5. Preventive measures

   • Avoid sharing combs, hats, helmets, or hair accessories.
   • Encourage regular head inspections in schools or group settings.
   • Use lice‑repellent shampoos containing essential oils (e.g., tea tree, lavender) as adjuncts; efficacy varies, not a sole treatment.

Combining a scientifically proven insecticide with thorough combing and heat, followed by strict laundering and isolation of personal items, yields the highest clearance rates. Re‑treatment after the life cycle of the egg (approximately 7–10 days) prevents resurgence. Monitoring for live insects over a 2‑week period confirms successful elimination.