How to identify a bedbug by appearance? - briefly
A bedbug is a small, oval‑shaped insect about 4–5 mm long, reddish‑brown when unfed and darker, swollen after a blood meal, with a flat dorsal surface and distinct dark eyespots near the head. Its antennae are short and the legs terminate in tiny claws that enable it to cling to fabric.
How to identify a bedbug by appearance? - in detail
Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) can be distinguished by several observable traits. Adults measure 4–5 mm in length, approximately the size of an apple seed, and display a flattened, oval body that expands after feeding. The dorsal surface is a uniform reddish‑brown hue, becoming brighter after a blood meal. Six short legs emerge from the thorax, each ending in a tiny claw. Antennae consist of four segments and are positioned near the head, which bears two prominent, curved mouthparts (proboscis) used for piercing skin.
Nymphs resemble adults but are smaller, ranging from 1.5 mm (first instar) to 4 mm (fifth instar). Their coloration is a lighter, translucent brown, darkening with successive molts. Each molt adds a distinct pale stripe along the dorsal side, a useful marker for estimating developmental stage.
Eggs are about 0.5 mm long, oval, and white. They are deposited in hidden crevices, often adhered to fabric fibers or mattress seams. A cluster of 5–10 eggs may be visible as a tiny speckled mass.
Additional visual clues include:
- Dark‑brown or rust‑colored fecal spots on bedding, walls, or furniture; these are digested blood residues.
- Small, translucent exuviae (shed skins) left behind after molting; they appear as empty shells matching the shape of the nymph.
- Bloodstained mattress seams or pillowcases, indicating recent feeding activity.
When inspecting a suspected area, examine seams, folds, and crevices of mattresses, box springs, headboards, and upholstered furniture. Use a bright flashlight to reveal the glossy exoskeleton and the characteristic “c‑shaped” posture of unfed adults. Combining size, shape, color, and the presence of associated signs provides a reliable visual identification of bedbug infestations.