How to fight lice and what products should be used? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide—such as 1 % permethrin lotion or a dimethicone‑based formula—and comb out nits with a fine‑tooth nit comb, then wash clothing, bedding, and personal items in water ≥ 130 °F. Oral ivermectin may be added for resistant infestations, while thorough environmental cleaning prevents re‑infestation.
How to fight lice and what products should be used? - in detail
Head lice infestations require prompt identification and systematic eradication. Begin by confirming the presence of live insects or viable nits within two centimeters of the scalp. Use a fine‑toothed louse comb on damp hair, moving from the scalp outward in sections. Any detected nits should be removed manually with the comb, ensuring the base of each egg is detached from the hair shaft.
Effective treatment options fall into three categories:
- Chemical pediculicides: Permethrin 1 % lotion, pyrethrin‑based sprays, and malathion 0.5 % are approved for over‑the‑counter use. Apply to dry hair, saturate the scalp, leave for the recommended duration (usually 10 minutes), then rinse thoroughly. Repeat the application after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched lice.
- Silicone‑based products: Dimethicone or silicone oil formulations coat the exoskeleton, causing dehydration. These agents do not rely on neurotoxic mechanisms, reducing resistance risk. Apply generously, cover with a shower cap for 8–12 hours, then wash out. A second treatment after one week is advisable.
- Mechanical and natural remedies: High‑temperature steam devices or heated combs destroy lice instantly. Essential‑oil mixtures (e.g., tea‑tree, lavender, neem) combined with a carrier oil can suffocate insects, but must be used with caution on sensitive scalps. Follow the same repeat schedule as chemical treatments.
Product selection criteria:
- Regulatory approval – choose items listed by health authorities (FDA, EMA) to ensure safety and efficacy.
- Resistance profile – prefer silicone or mechanical methods when resistance to pyrethroids is documented in the region.
- Age restrictions – verify suitability for children; some chemicals are limited to participants older than six months.
- Allergy considerations – review ingredient lists for known allergens; conduct a patch test on a small skin area before full application.
After treatment, implement preventive measures:
- Wash all bedding, clothing, and hats in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in sealed plastic bags for two weeks.
- Instruct all household members to avoid head‑to‑head contact and to refrain from sharing combs, hair accessories, or helmets.
- Perform weekly comb checks for at least four weeks to catch any residual infestation early.
Consistent adherence to these protocols, combined with appropriate product choice, eliminates head lice and minimizes recurrence.