How to detect lice in a dog? - briefly
Inspect the coat and skin—particularly the neck, ears, and tail base—for tiny gray‑white insects, excessive scratching, redness, or small black specks (nits) adhered to hair shafts, as these indicate a lice infestation.
How to detect lice in a dog? - in detail
Lice infestations in dogs become apparent through observable changes in the animal’s coat and skin. The first indicator is excessive scratching or biting at specific areas, often accompanied by a noticeable increase in hair loss. Small, grayish or brownish insects may be seen moving slowly on the fur, especially near the ears, neck, and base of the tail. In addition, a fine, white, powder‑like residue may accumulate on the hair shafts; this material is composed of lice eggs (nits) and shed skins.
A systematic examination proceeds as follows:
- Visual inspection – Part the hair in sections, beginning at the head and moving toward the tail. Look for adult lice, which are wingless, flattened, and measure 2–5 mm, as well as nits attached to hair shafts near the scalp.
- Use of a fine‑toothed comb – Run a lice comb through the coat, especially in dense areas such as the back and hindquarters. The comb collects both insects and eggs, making them easier to identify.
- Light source – A bright lamp or handheld magnifier improves visibility of tiny specimens and helps differentiate lice from flea debris.
- Microscopic confirmation – Preserve collected specimens in a drop of alcohol and examine under a light microscope. Identify characteristic body segmentation and claw structure to confirm lice species.
- Skin assessment – Check for secondary skin irritation, such as erythema, crusting, or secondary bacterial infection, which often accompany heavy infestations.
Differentiating lice from fleas is essential. Fleas are larger (2–4 mm), jump actively, and leave small black droppings resembling pepper. Lice remain attached to hair shafts, move slowly, and do not jump. Their presence is usually confined to specific body regions rather than the entire coat.
If the examination reveals a moderate to heavy load of lice or if secondary skin lesions are present, consult a veterinarian promptly. Professional treatment may involve topical insecticides, oral medications, or bathing agents specifically formulated for canine lice. Follow-up examinations should be scheduled to verify eradication and to prevent re‑infestation.