How should lice be treated in dogs? - briefly
Use a veterinarian‑prescribed topical or oral ectoparasiticide effective against chewing lice, applying it according to label directions and repeating as needed. Simultaneously, wash bedding and groom the animal to remove debris and prevent reinfestation.
How should lice be treated in dogs? - in detail
Lice infestations in canines require systematic identification, therapeutic intervention, and preventive measures. Diagnosis relies on visual examination of the coat and skin, focusing on the presence of adult insects, nymphs, and eggs (nits) attached to hair shafts. A fine-toothed comb can aid in collecting specimens for microscopic confirmation, distinguishing lice from fleas or mites.
Effective pharmacologic options include:
- Topical insecticidal preparations containing pyrethrins, pyrethroids, or selamectin; applied to the dorsal midline and allowed to spread over the body surface.
- Oral systemic agents such as afoxolaner or sarolaner; administered at the recommended dosage to eliminate ectoparasites throughout the bloodstream.
- Spot‑on formulations with imidacloprid or fipronil; applied directly to the skin at the base of the neck for rapid uptake.
Non‑chemical strategies complement medication:
- Regular grooming with a fine-toothed comb to remove adult lice and nits.
- Thorough washing of bedding, crates, and grooming tools in hot water (≥ 60 °C) followed by complete drying.
- Environmental decontamination using insecticidal sprays or foggers labeled for canine use, focusing on areas where the animal rests.
Treatment schedules typically involve an initial dose, followed by a repeat application after 7–10 days to address emerging life stages. Monitoring should continue for at least three weeks, with repeated examinations to confirm eradication. If reinfestation occurs, reassessment of environmental hygiene and possible resistance testing of the chosen product are warranted.
Owner education emphasizes the importance of adhering to label instructions, avoiding off‑label dosage, and consulting a veterinary professional before initiating therapy, especially for pregnant, lactating, or young dogs.