How should lice be treated in a child? - briefly
Use a pediculicide shampoo or lotion containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % malathion, applied according to the product label and repeated after 7–10 days to kill newly hatched nits; additionally, comb wet hair with a fine-toothed nit comb to remove eggs and wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water or seal them for two weeks.
How should lice be treated in a child? - in detail
Treating head‑lice infestations in children requires a systematic approach: confirm the presence of nits or live insects, select an effective agent, apply it correctly, and address reinfestation sources.
First, examine the scalp closely, pulling hair back in sections. Viable nits are firmly attached to the hair shaft within 1 cm of the scalp; live lice move quickly when disturbed. Removal of all visible nits with a fine‑toothed comb reduces treatment failures.
Second, choose a pediculicide approved for pediatric use. Over‑the‑counter options include:
- 1% permethrin lotion or shampoo – applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed; repeat after 7–10 days.
- 0.5% malathion lotion – applied to dry hair, left for 8–12 hours, then washed; repeat after 7 days.
- 0.1% spinosad suspension – applied to wet hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed; repeat after 7 days.
Prescription alternatives for resistant cases:
- 0.025% ivermectin lotion – applied to dry hair, left for 10 minutes, then rinsed; repeat after 7 days.
- Oral ivermectin (single dose of 200 µg/kg) for children weighing at least 15 kg, followed by a second dose after 7 days.
Third, follow the product’s instructions precisely: apply to dry hair unless directed otherwise, ensure complete coverage from scalp to tips, and avoid immediate rinsing. Use a plastic comb to remove residual nits after treatment.
Fourth, implement environmental controls to prevent re‑infestation:
- Wash all bedding, towels, and clothing used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., stuffed toys) in a sealed bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture; discard vacuum bags promptly.
- Instruct all close contacts (family members, classmates) to undergo the same treatment protocol.
Finally, monitor the child’s scalp for three weeks. Persistent live lice after two treatment cycles indicate possible resistance; consult a healthcare professional for alternative regimens.