How should dust mite allergy be treated? - briefly
Management involves environmental control (frequent washing of bedding in hot water, allergen‑impermeable covers, humidity reduction, and vacuuming with HEPA filters) combined with pharmacotherapy such as intranasal corticosteroids or antihistamines, while severe or persistent cases may benefit from allergen‑specific immunotherapy.
How should dust mite allergy be treated? - in detail
Dust‑mite allergy management begins with reducing exposure. Remove upholstered furniture from bedrooms, replace carpets with hard flooring, and wash bedding weekly in water hotter than 60 °C. Encase mattresses and pillows in allergen‑impermeable covers, and keep indoor humidity below 50 % using dehumidifiers or air‑conditioning. Vacuum frequently with a HEPA‑filter device; clean air vents and replace filters regularly.
Pharmacologic relief follows a stepwise approach. For mild symptoms, oral antihistamines (second‑generation agents) control sneezing and itching without sedative effects. Moderate to severe reactions may require intranasal corticosteroids, applied once daily to diminish nasal inflammation. If asthma is present, inhaled corticosteroids combined with long‑acting β‑agonists provide bronchodilation and anti‑inflammatory action. Leukotriene receptor antagonists serve as adjuncts for patients with persistent cough or bronchial hyper‑responsiveness.
Allergen‑specific immunotherapy offers long‑term disease modification. Subcutaneous injections administered over three to five years gradually increase tolerance to dust‑mite proteins. Alternatively, sublingual tablets, approved for certain age groups, deliver daily doses at home. Both modalities demand initial screening for contraindications, such as uncontrolled asthma, and regular monitoring for systemic reactions.
Adjunct measures support overall control. Nasal saline irrigation clears mucus and reduces irritants. Educate patients on recognizing early symptom escalation and maintaining medication adherence. Schedule periodic assessments to adjust therapy intensity, evaluate lung function, and verify environmental interventions remain effective.