How should a child's hair be treated for lice and nits? - briefly
Use a child‑safe pediculicide shampoo, apply for the specified duration, rinse, and then comb the hair with a fine‑tooth nit comb to eliminate live lice and eggs; repeat the treatment after 7‑10 days to remove any newly hatched nits.
How should a child's hair be treated for lice and nits? - in detail
Effective management of head‑lice infestation in children requires a systematic approach that includes prompt detection, appropriate medication, thorough combing, and environmental sanitation.
Detection begins with a visual inspection of the scalp and hair shafts. Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on damp hair, examining sections from the crown to the nape. Live lice appear as small, grayish insects; nits are oval, firmly attached to the hair close to the scalp, typically within ¼ inch.
Immediate treatment involves applying an approved pediculicide. Options include:
- Over‑the‑counter products containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrins combined with piperonyl‑butoxide. Follow label instructions precisely; apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly.
- Prescription agents such as 0.025 % malathion or 0.5 % ivermectin lotion for cases resistant to first‑line therapy. These require a prescription and may have specific age restrictions.
- Non‑chemical alternatives, for example, dimethicone‑based lotions that suffocate lice without neurotoxic action. Use according to manufacturer guidelines.
After medication, remove residual nits by combing:
- Section hair into manageable strands.
- Place a fine lice comb at the scalp, pull forward in a steady motion.
- Wipe comb teeth on a disposable tissue after each pass.
- Repeat combing every 2–3 days for a total of at least one week.
Environmental control reduces reinfestation risk:
- Wash all worn clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 30 minutes.
- Seal items that cannot be laundered in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and vehicle seats to remove stray lice and eggs.
- Avoid sharing combs, hats, or hair accessories during the treatment period.
Follow‑up inspection should occur 7 days after the initial application. Re‑treat only if live lice are observed; repeat treatment is unnecessary for residual nits that have been mechanically removed. Document treatment dates and outcomes to ensure complete eradication.