How does flea reproduction occur? - briefly
Female fleas lay 200–300 eggs within 24–48 hours after a blood meal; the eggs hatch into larvae that feed on organic debris, then spin cocoons and pupate, emerging as adults in 1–2 weeks depending on temperature and humidity. This rapid cycle enables flea populations to expand quickly under favorable conditions.
How does flea reproduction occur? - in detail
Fleas reproduce through a rapid, temperature‑dependent cycle that begins with copulation on a host animal. Males transfer a spermatophore to the female’s genital opening, where it is stored in the spermatheca until oviposition. After fertilization, a female can lay between 20 and 50 eggs per day, with total fecundity reaching 2,000–5,000 eggs over her lifespan. Eggs are deposited in the host’s environment—typically in cracks, bedding, or carpet fibers—rather than on the animal itself. They hatch within 2–5 days when ambient temperature exceeds 15 °C and relative humidity is above 50 %.
The emerging larvae are blind, legless, and feed on organic debris, adult flea feces (which contain blood), and fungal spores. Larval development proceeds through three instars over 5–11 days, after which the larvae spin a silken cocoon and enter the pupal stage. Pupae remain dormant until environmental cues—such as vibrations, increased carbon dioxide, or rising temperature—signal the presence of a potential host. This quiescent period may last from a few days to several months, allowing the population to survive unfavorable conditions.
Adult fleas emerge from the pupal case fully formed and immediately seek a blood meal. They locate hosts by detecting heat, carbon dioxide, and movement. After a blood meal, females resume egg production, completing the cycle. The entire process, from egg to adult, can be as short as 12–14 days under optimal conditions, enabling exponential population growth in suitable habitats.