How does flea allergy manifest in a cat? - briefly
A flea bite triggers an allergic reaction that produces severe itching, most often at the tail base, neck, and lower back, accompanied by redness, hair loss, and crusted lesions. Secondary bacterial infections may develop if the skin is traumatized.
How does flea allergy manifest in a cat? - in detail
Flea‑induced hypersensitivity in felines presents primarily as cutaneous inflammation triggered by an allergic reaction to flea saliva. The immune system overreacts, releasing histamine and other mediators that cause the following signs:
- Intense itching, especially around the neck, base of the tail, and hindquarters.
- Red, irritated skin that may appear as small papules or larger plaques.
- Hair loss (alopecia) in areas of frequent scratching or biting.
- Crusty or scabbed lesions, often secondary to self‑trauma.
- Small, round scabs (commonly called “flea allergy dermatitis” lesions) that may coalesce into larger affected zones.
In addition to dermatologic manifestations, systemic effects can develop if the condition remains untreated:
- Secondary bacterial infection, evident as pus‑filled pustules or thickened, odorous skin.
- Thickened skin (lichenification) from chronic irritation.
- Behavioral changes such as restlessness or reduced grooming efficiency.
Diagnosis relies on identifying the characteristic distribution of lesions, confirming flea presence, and, when necessary, conducting an intradermal skin test or serum IgE assay specific to flea antigens. Treatment protocols combine immediate relief and long‑term control:
- Immediate relief – antihistamines, corticosteroids, or topical glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation and pruritus.
- Flea eradication – comprehensive adulticide and larvicide regimen for the cat, household, and environment; monthly preventative products are essential.
- Skin care – medicated shampoos, antiseptic washes, and topical antibiotics for secondary infections.
- Immunotherapy – allergen‑specific desensitization injections for chronic cases unresponsive to conventional measures.
Monitoring the cat’s response involves assessing itch intensity, lesion size, and hair regrowth. Persistent improvement after consistent flea control confirms the allergic nature of the dermatitis, while lack of progress suggests alternative or concurrent dermatologic disorders.