How does dichlorvos kill bedbugs? - briefly
Dichlorvos penetrates the insect’s nervous system, inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and causing uncontrolled nerve impulses that lead to paralysis and rapid death. The compound’s volatility allows it to reach hidden bedbugs through air and surface contact.
How does dichlorvos kill bedbugs? - in detail
Dichlorvos, an organophosphate insecticide, interferes with the nervous system of bed‑bugs by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. When the enzyme is blocked, acetylcholine accumulates at synaptic junctions, causing continuous stimulation of cholinergic receptors. This overstimulation leads to uncontrolled muscle contractions, paralysis, and eventual death of the insect.
The chemical penetrates the cuticle of the bug through direct contact or inhalation of vapors. Once inside the hemolymph, it binds to the active site of acetylcholinesterase, forming a stable phosphorylated complex. The irreversible nature of this binding prevents the enzyme from regenerating, ensuring prolonged toxic effect even after the insect is removed from the treated area.
Key physiological consequences include:
- Hyperexcitation of the central nervous system
- Loss of coordinated movement
- Respiratory failure due to paralysis of the tracheal muscles
- Rapid onset of mortality, typically within minutes to a few hours depending on concentration and exposure duration
Resistance can develop through mutations that reduce enzyme affinity for dichlorvos or via increased metabolic detoxification. Monitoring for reduced susceptibility is essential when the insecticide is used repeatedly.
Application guidelines emphasize:
- Uniform distribution of the liquid formulation on cracks, crevices, and hiding places
- Adequate ventilation to allow vapor diffusion while preventing excessive inhalation risk to humans and pets
- Use of protective equipment (gloves, respirator) during handling
- Compliance with label-specified dosage to avoid sublethal exposure that may promote resistance
Safety considerations involve strict adherence to occupational exposure limits, as dichlorvos is toxic to mammals. Acute exposure can cause similar cholinergic symptoms: headache, dizziness, nausea, and muscle weakness. Immediate decontamination and medical evaluation are required if exposure occurs.
In summary, dichlorvos eliminates bed‑bugs by permanently disabling acetylcholinesterase, leading to neural hyperactivity, paralysis, and death. Proper application and safety measures maximize efficacy while minimizing health risks and resistance development.