How does ammonia affect fleas? - briefly
Ammonia irritates flea respiration and dehydrates their exoskeleton, leading to rapid mortality in both adults and larvae. Concentrated vapors or a diluted spray applied to infested areas can effectively reduce flea populations.
How does ammonia affect fleas? - in detail
Ammonia is a volatile base that disrupts the respiratory system of fleas. When a flea inhales ammonia vapour, the gas raises the pH of the tracheal fluid, impairing oxygen transport and causing rapid paralysis. The chemical also attacks the exoskeleton’s chitin layer, weakening structural integrity and leading to desiccation.
The toxic effect depends on concentration and exposure time. A solution of 5‑10 % household ammonia applied to infested areas can achieve mortality within 30‑60 minutes. Higher concentrations act faster but increase the risk of skin irritation and respiratory distress for mammals and birds. Dilution to 2‑3 % provides a balance between efficacy and safety for use in carpet seams, pet bedding, and cracks where fleas hide.
Practical considerations include:
- Spot‑testing on fabrics to avoid discoloration.
- Applying the solution with a spray bottle, ensuring thorough coverage of crevices.
- Allowing the treated surface to dry completely before re‑entry by pets or humans.
- Repeating the treatment every 3‑5 days for two weeks to interrupt the flea life cycle, as eggs and larvae are less susceptible to vapour but become vulnerable when they emerge as adults.
Ammonia does not affect flea eggs directly; it primarily targets adult insects. Consequently, integrated control measures—such as regular vacuuming, washing bedding at high temperatures, and using insect growth regulators—are necessary to eradicate the entire population.
Safety data indicate that inhalation of concentrated ammonia can cause mucosal burns and bronchial irritation. Protective gloves and eye protection are recommended during application. Ventilation of the treated area for at least 15 minutes after spraying reduces the risk of respiratory exposure.
Environmental impact is limited because ammonia rapidly breaks down into nitrogen and water. However, excessive use can alter soil pH and affect beneficial microorganisms. Controlled application in indoor settings minimizes ecological consequences.