How do you treat lice on an adult's head? - briefly
Apply an adult‑formulated pediculicide (shampoo, lotion, or spray) according to the product’s instructions, then rinse and remove remaining nits with a fine‑toothed comb; repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched insects.
How do you treat lice on an adult's head? - in detail
Treating head‑lice infestations in adults requires a systematic approach that combines chemical or physical agents, thorough cleaning of personal items, and diligent follow‑up.
First, confirm the presence of live lice or viable nits attached within ¼ inch of the scalp. Use a fine‑toothed comb on wet hair, parting sections to expose the root area. Visible insects confirm the need for intervention.
Choose an appropriate pediculicide:
- Over‑the‑counter options – 1% permethrin lotion, 0.5% pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide, or dimethicone‑based products. Apply according to label directions, usually to dry hair, leave for the specified time (often 10 minutes), then rinse.
- Prescription treatments – 0.05% malathion, 0.025% ivermectin, or oral ivermectin 200 µg/kg. These are reserved for resistant cases or when OTC agents fail. A qualified health professional must prescribe and supervise usage.
After the initial application, repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched lice that survived the first dose. Do not exceed the recommended number of repetitions without medical guidance.
Mechanical removal supplements chemical therapy:
- Wet the hair with a conditioner to immobilize insects.
- Run a metal nit comb from scalp to tip in small sections.
- Rinse the comb after each pass to prevent re‑infestation.
- Perform the combing session daily for at least three consecutive days.
Environmental decontamination limits re‑exposure:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray nits.
Educate the individual on preventive measures: avoid sharing hats, hair accessories, or personal grooming tools; limit close head‑to‑head contact; and inspect household members regularly.
Schedule a follow‑up examination 2–3 weeks after the final treatment. Absence of live lice and empty nits confirms successful eradication; persistent findings warrant reassessment and possible alternative therapy.