How do you treat lice on a child's head? - briefly
Apply a permethrin‑ or pyrethrin‑based lice treatment shampoo, follow the label’s timing instructions, then rinse and remove nits with a fine‑toothed comb; repeat the process after 7–10 days to eradicate any newly hatched insects.
How do you treat lice on a child's head? - in detail
Treating head‑lice infestation in a child requires a systematic approach: confirm the presence of lice, apply an appropriate insecticide or mechanical method, repeat treatment as directed, and implement measures to prevent re‑infestation.
First, examine the scalp closely. Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on wet, conditioned hair, starting at the crown and working toward the ends. Look for live insects, nits attached to the hair shaft within ¼ inch of the scalp, and any signs of scratching. Isolate the child from other hair contact until treatment begins.
Choose a treatment based on availability, resistance patterns, and age. Over‑the‑counter products containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide are effective for most cases. Apply the lotion or shampoo according to the label: saturate the hair, leave for the specified time (usually 10 minutes), then rinse. For children under two years, use a prescription 0.5 % malathion or a benzyl alcohol lotion approved for pediatric use, following exact dosing instructions.
If chemical treatment is unsuitable, opt for a manual removal method. After wetting the hair, comb through each section with a fine‑toothed nit comb, removing lice and nits. Repeat the process every 2–3 days for two weeks. This method eliminates the need for insecticides but requires diligence.
Regardless of the chosen method, a second application is essential. Most products recommend a repeat dose 7–10 days after the first, targeting any newly hatched lice that survived the initial treatment. Do not use a second dose earlier than instructed, as it may increase toxicity risk.
After treatment, clean personal items and the environment to block re‑infestation: wash bedding, clothing, and towels in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and dry on high heat; vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; seal non‑washable items in sealed plastic bags for two weeks. Encourage the child to avoid sharing combs, hats, or headphones.
Monitor the scalp for at least four weeks. If live lice persist after two treatment cycles, consult a healthcare professional for prescription‑strength options such as ivermectin or spinosad. Document any adverse reactions and adjust treatment accordingly.