How do bedbug soldiers survive the winter? - briefly
During cold months, Cimex lectularius enters diapause, lowering metabolism and clustering in insulated sites such as mattress seams, wall cracks, or luggage. This physiological slowdown combined with selection of protected microhabitats allows the insects to endure sub‑freezing temperatures.
How do bedbug soldiers survive the winter? - in detail
Bedbug soldiers endure cold periods through a combination of physiological suppression, behavioral aggregation, and microhabitat selection.
Metabolic down‑regulation reduces energy consumption. During winter, respiration rates drop to less than 10 % of active levels, allowing individuals to survive prolonged fasting. Hormonal shifts trigger the entry into a dormant state known as «diapause», during which growth and reproduction cease.
Behavioral strategies focus on locating insulated shelters. Adults and nymphs congregate in deep cracks, behind baseboards, and within mattress seams where temperature fluctuations are minimal. Aggregation pheromones maintain group cohesion, decreasing exposure to ambient cold and conserving moisture.
The following mechanisms contribute to successful overwintering:
- Reduced water loss – cuticular hydrocarbons thicken, forming a barrier that limits desiccation.
- Cryoprotectant synthesis – accumulation of glycerol and sorbitol lowers the freezing point of body fluids.
- Energy reserve allocation – lipids stored in the abdomen provide sufficient fuel for the dormant phase.
- Selective site occupation – preference for locations with stable relative humidity (≥ 70 %) prevents dehydration.
When temperatures rise in early spring, hormonal cues reverse diapause, metabolic activity resumes, and the insects emerge to re‑establish feeding cycles. This coordinated physiological and behavioral adaptation ensures the survival of the soldier caste throughout winter conditions.