How can nits be removed after a lice infestation in a child? - briefly
Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair after applying an appropriate lice treatment, combing each section from scalp to tip and repeating every 2–3 days for two weeks. Clean bedding, clothing, and personal items thoroughly to prevent re‑infestation.
How can nits be removed after a lice infestation in a child? - in detail
After a lice outbreak, the primary goal is to eliminate the eggs that remain attached to the hair shafts. Successful removal requires a combination of chemical treatment, mechanical extraction, and thorough environmental cleaning.
The first step is to apply an approved pediculicide that contains either permethrin (1 %) or dimethicone (4‑10 %). Follow the product instructions precisely: apply to dry hair, allow the recommended contact time, then rinse thoroughly. Some formulations are designed to kill both live lice and newly hatched nits; however, residual eggs often survive, making manual removal essential.
Mechanical removal proceeds with a fine-toothed nit comb. Use a metal or plastic comb with teeth spaced 0.2–0.3 mm apart. Work in sections, starting at the scalp and pulling the comb down to the hair tip in a single, steady motion. After each pass, wipe the teeth on a paper towel to collect detached eggs. Repeat the process until the entire head has been combed at least twice. For children with thick or curly hair, a wet-combing technique—applying a generous amount of conditioner to keep strands slippery—enhances comb efficiency.
A systematic schedule maximizes results. Perform the combing:
- Immediately after the initial chemical treatment.
- Four days later, when any surviving eggs are likely to have hatched.
- Seven days after the first session, to capture any newly emerged lice before they reproduce.
During each session, inspect the collected material. Viable nits appear tan or brown and are firmly attached to the shaft; empty shells are translucent and can be discarded without further action.
Environmental control reduces the risk of reinfestation. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in water ≥ 60 °C, then dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks or placed in a freezer at –18 °C for at least 24 hours. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray hairs that may harbor eggs.
If repeated combing fails to eliminate all nits after two weeks, consider a second round of chemical treatment, this time using a product with a different active ingredient to avoid resistance. Document each treatment date, product used, and observation of residual eggs to track progress.
Finally, educate caregivers on preventive measures: avoid head-to-head contact, discourage sharing of hats or hair accessories, and conduct regular head checks during peak lice season. Consistent application of these steps will eradicate the infestation and minimize recurrence.