How can lice eggs and nits be removed? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide shampoo or lotion, then use a fine‑tooth nit comb on wet hair to extract each egg and attached shell. Repeat the process after 7–10 days to eliminate any newly hatched lice and achieve full removal.
How can lice eggs and nits be removed? - in detail
Effective removal of lice eggs and nits requires a systematic approach that combines mechanical, chemical, and environmental measures.
First, confirm the presence of viable eggs by inspecting the hair close to the scalp, where nits are firmly attached at a 45‑degree angle. Use a magnifying lens and bright light to distinguish live eggs from empty shells.
Mechanical elimination is the most reliable method. Apply a conditioner to soften the hair, then use a fine‑tooth nit comb (0.2 mm spacing). Starting at the scalp, pull the comb through each section of hair in a downward motion, wiping the teeth after each pass. Repeat the process every 2–3 days for at least two weeks, covering the entire head each session. Dispose of collected material by sealing it in a plastic bag and discarding it in the trash.
Chemical treatments supplement combing. Over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are applied to dry hair, left for the recommended duration (usually 10 minutes), then rinsed. For resistant infestations, a 0.5 % malathion lotion or a 0.05 % spinosad solution may be prescribed. Follow label instructions precisely; avoid excessive exposure to the scalp and repeat the application after 7–10 days to target newly hatched lice.
Heat therapy offers an alternative without chemicals. Use a hair dryer on the highest safe setting, directing hot air (minimum 130 °F/54 °C) at the scalp for 10 minutes, ensuring even coverage. Heat loosens the cement that secures nits, allowing easier removal with the comb. Caution against burns by maintaining a safe distance from the skin.
Environmental decontamination reduces reinfestation risk. Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥130 °F) and tumble dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats thoroughly; discard the vacuum bag afterward.
For severe cases, hair shortening may be considered. Cutting hair to a length of 1 inch (2.5 cm) or less eliminates most nits, but this measure should follow professional advice and be combined with the other strategies listed.
Consistent follow‑up is essential. Re‑examine the scalp after each treatment cycle; any remaining nits indicate incomplete removal and necessitate additional combing or a repeat of the chosen chemical or heat method. Maintaining the schedule for at least three weeks ensures that the life cycle of the parasite is fully addressed.