How can lice be removed from the head? - briefly
Apply a medicated shampoo or lotion, then comb the hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb while it is still damp, repeating the combing every 2–3 days for two weeks; concurrently wash bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water and vacuum the environment to eliminate any remaining parasites.
How can lice be removed from the head? - in detail
Effective elimination of head‑lice infestations requires a systematic approach that combines direct treatment of the scalp, removal of eggs, and environmental sanitation.
First, confirm the presence of live insects and nits by parting the hair close to the scalp and inspecting the hair shafts. Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on dry hair; any moving insects or attached nits indicate an active infestation.
The primary treatment options are:
- Over‑the‑counter pediculicides – shampoos or lotions containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrins combined with piperonyl butoxide. Apply according to the product label, leave the solution on the scalp for the specified time, then rinse thoroughly. A second application after 7–10 days targets newly hatched lice that survived the first dose.
- Prescription medications – malathion (0.5 %) or ivermectin lotion for resistant cases. These require a medical prescription and should be used under professional guidance.
- Mechanical removal – wet‑combing with a fine‑toothed lice comb. After washing the hair with a regular shampoo, apply a generous amount of conditioner to detangle, then comb from the scalp outward in sections. Repeat the process every 2–3 days for two weeks, removing each visible nymph or nit.
- Alternative agents – dimethicone‑based products, which suffocate lice without neurotoxic chemicals. Apply a silicone‑based lotion, cover the hair with a plastic cap for 10 minutes, then rinse and comb.
Regardless of the chosen method, follow these additional steps:
- Repeat treatment after 7–10 days to eliminate any survivors.
- Launder all bedding, towels, and clothing worn within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., stuffed toys) in a sealed bag for at least two weeks to starve remaining insects.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats to remove stray hairs that may contain nits.
- Educate family members about avoiding head‑to‑head contact and not sharing personal items such as combs, hats, or headphones.
Regular monitoring of the scalp for at least three weeks after the final treatment confirms eradication. If live lice persist despite repeated applications, consult a healthcare professional for alternative regimens or resistance testing.