How can lice be eliminated from people? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide to the hair, leave it on for the recommended time, then comb the entire scalp with a fine‑toothed lice comb to remove live insects and nits; repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to eliminate any newly hatched lice. Maintain clean bedding and personal items to prevent re‑infestation.
How can lice be eliminated from people? - in detail
Lice infestations are removed through a combination of direct treatment, thorough cleaning of personal items, and preventive measures.
Topical pediculicides applied to the scalp and hair are the primary pharmacologic option. Permethrin 1 % cream rinse, pyrethrin‑based products, and dimethicone lotions are approved for single‑application use; a second application after 7–10 days eliminates newly hatched nymphs. Resistance to pyrethroids has increased, so benzyl alcohol lotion (5 % w/v) or ivermectin oral tablets may be prescribed when first‑line agents fail.
Mechanical removal complements chemicals. Fine‑toothed nit combs, used on wet hair with conditioner, extract live insects and eggs. Sessions should occur every 2–3 days for at least two weeks, covering the entire head.
Environmental decontamination reduces reinfestation risk. Items that contact the scalp—pillows, hats, scarves, hairbrushes—must be washed in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dried on high heat. Non‑washable objects can be sealed in airtight plastic bags for 48 hours, a period sufficient to kill lice lacking a food source. Vacuuming carpets and upholstered furniture removes stray nits.
Preventive steps limit future outbreaks. Regular inspection of hair, especially after group activities, enables early detection. Avoid sharing personal accessories, and educate children about not head‑to‑head contact during play.
A structured protocol for eradication:
- Apply an appropriate pediculicide according to label directions.
- Perform nit combing at 48‑hour intervals for three sessions.
- Wash or isolate all personal items within 24 hours.
- Repeat the chemical treatment after 7–10 days.
- Conduct a final combing to confirm absence of live insects.
Adhering to this regimen eliminates the parasites and minimizes recurrence.