How can lice be eliminated from hair and the scalp? - briefly
Apply a pediculicide shampoo or lotion containing permethrin, pyrethrin, or dimethicone, leave it on the hair for the recommended time, then rinse thoroughly. Follow with fine‑toothed combing of wet hair and wash all bedding, clothing, and personal items in hot water to eliminate remaining nits.
How can lice be eliminated from hair and the scalp? - in detail
Head lice infestations require a combination of direct removal, chemical agents, and environmental sanitation. Prompt action prevents spread and reduces discomfort.
Mechanical removal relies on fine‑toothed lice combs. Wet the hair, apply conditioner to ease combing, then pass the comb from scalp to ends at two‑centimeter intervals. After each pass, wipe the comb on a white tissue to detect live insects. Repeat the process every 2–3 days for at least two weeks, covering the entire head each session.
Chemical control uses approved pediculicides. Common over‑the‑counter products contain permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin with piperonyl‑butoxide. Apply according to label directions: saturate hair, leave for the specified period, then rinse. For resistant infestations, prescription‑strength agents such as malathion (0.5 %) or ivermectin (0.5 %) may be required. Follow safety warnings, avoid contact with eyes, and keep the product away from children under two years unless directed by a physician.
Alternative options include dimethicone‑based lotions, which coat lice and prevent respiration, and heat treatments that raise scalp temperature to 50 °C for ten minutes, killing both lice and nits. Essential‑oil preparations lack consistent efficacy and should not replace proven methods.
Environmental measures eliminate re‑infestation sources. Wash all bedding, hats, scarves, and clothing in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Place non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard the vacuum bag afterward. Avoid sharing combs, brushes, or personal items.
Follow‑up involves checking the scalp every 48 hours after treatment. If live lice are observed, repeat the chemical or mechanical protocol. A second application of the pediculicide is typically recommended 7–10 days after the first, targeting newly hatched nits that survived the initial exposure. Continuous monitoring for at least three weeks confirms successful eradication.