How can lice be destroyed on the head? - briefly
Apply a licensed pediculicide such as 1 % permethrin or a silicone‑based treatment, leave it on the scalp for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly. Follow with systematic removal of nits using a fine‑toothed comb, repeating the process after 7–10 days to eliminate any newly hatched lice.
How can lice be destroyed on the head? - in detail
Head lice infestations require a systematic approach to eradicate the parasites and prevent reinfestation. Effective eradication combines chemical agents, mechanical removal, and environmental decontamination.
Chemical pediculicides contain neurotoxic compounds such as permethrin (1 %), pyrethrins, or malathion (0.5 %). Application follows label instructions: apply to dry hair, massage into scalp, leave for the specified duration, then rinse thoroughly. Repeat treatment after 7–10 days to target newly hatched nymphs. Resistance to permethrin has been documented; in such cases, switch to a product based on dimethicone or a non‑neurotoxic formulation.
Mechanical removal relies on a fine‑toothed nit comb. Procedure:
- Saturate hair with conditioner to reduce friction.
- Section hair into 1‑inch sections.
- Comb from scalp to tip, wiping comb teeth after each pass.
- Repeat every 2–3 days for two weeks.
Consistent combing removes live lice and viable eggs, decreasing the population without chemical exposure.
Alternative treatments include:
- Dimethicone‑based lotions that coat and immobilize lice, applied similarly to pediculicides.
- Essential‑oil preparations (e.g., 1 % tea‑tree oil) used as adjuncts; evidence of efficacy remains limited, and skin irritation risk warrants caution.
Environmental measures eliminate sources of re‑infestation:
- Wash bedding, clothing, and towels in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Bag non‑launderable items in sealed plastic for two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard vacuum bags promptly.
Monitoring continues after treatment completion. Inspect scalp daily for live lice or viable nits; any detection warrants immediate repeat of the chosen eradication method. Sustained vigilance for four weeks ensures successful elimination.