How can lice be cured? - briefly
Effective treatment combines an FDA‑approved pediculicide (e.g., permethrin 1% lotion) applied to the scalp, thorough combing with a fine‑toothed nit comb, and a repeat application after 7–10 days to eradicate newly hatched nits. Additional steps include washing bedding and clothing in hot water and preventing head‑to‑head contact.
How can lice be cured? - in detail
Treating head‑lice infestations requires a systematic approach that combines chemical agents, mechanical removal, and environmental measures.
First‑line pharmacologic options include insecticidal shampoos and lotions containing permethrin (1 %), pyrethrins with piperonyl‑butoxide, or dimethicone. These products must be applied to dry hair, left for the recommended duration (usually 10 minutes), and then rinsed. A second application 7–10 days later eliminates newly hatched nymphs that survived the initial dose.
Prescription alternatives are reserved for resistant cases. Benzyl alcohol 5 % lotion, ivermectin 0.5 % cream, and malathion 0.5 % lotion have demonstrated efficacy where over‑the‑counter preparations fail. Dosage and interval follow the label or physician guidance; some agents require a single treatment, others a repeat after one week.
Mechanical elimination involves fine‑toothed nit combs. Wet the hair with a conditioner, then comb from scalp to tip, cleaning the comb after each pass. Repeating this process daily for at least a week removes live insects and eggs that escaped chemicals.
Environmental control reduces reinfestation risk. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks, the typical survival time of lice off the host. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture to capture stray nymphs.
Resistance monitoring is essential. If infestation persists after two full treatment cycles, obtain a specimen for laboratory susceptibility testing and consider rotating to a different class of pediculicide.
Safety considerations include age restrictions (permethrin not for children under 2 months, malathion not for children under 6 years) and contraindications (e.g., ivermectin in pregnancy). Follow label warnings, avoid excessive application, and discontinue use if severe skin irritation occurs.
A comprehensive regimen—initial chemical treatment, repeat dosing, daily combing, and thorough cleaning of personal items—provides the highest probability of eradication.