How can dichlorvos be used to eliminate lice on the head? - briefly
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How can dichlorvos be used to eliminate lice on the head? - in detail
Dichlorvos, an organophosphate insecticide, can be employed to eradicate head‑lice infestations when applied according to strict medical guidelines. The compound acts by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, leading to paralysis and death of the parasite.
Application procedure
- Obtain a pharmaceutical‑grade formulation approved for human use; over‑the‑counter products are typically unavailable.
- Dilute the concentrate with distilled water to the concentration specified on the product label (commonly 0.5 % w/v).
- Saturate a fine‑toothed comb or a clean spray bottle with the solution.
- Part the hair into sections, ensuring direct contact with the scalp and all hair shafts.
- Apply the diluted solution evenly, allowing it to remain on the scalp for the prescribed exposure time (usually 10–15 minutes).
- Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water and shampoo to remove residual chemical.
- Repeat the treatment after 7–10 days to target newly hatched nymphs, as dichlorvos does not affect eggs.
Safety considerations
- Conduct a patch test on a small skin area 30 minutes before full application to detect hypersensitivity.
- Avoid use on infants under 2 years, pregnant or lactating women, and individuals with known organophosphate allergy.
- Wear protective gloves during preparation and application to prevent dermal absorption.
- Ensure adequate ventilation; inhalation of vapors can cause systemic toxicity.
- Monitor for signs of cholinergic poisoning (muscle twitching, excessive salivation, blurred vision) and seek immediate medical attention if symptoms appear.
Regulatory status
- Many health agencies have restricted or withdrawn dichlorvos for topical human use due to neurotoxic risk.
- Prescription may be limited to cases where conventional pediculicides have failed and a physician has evaluated risk–benefit ratio.
Alternatives
- Pyrethrin‑based shampoos, dimethicone lotions, and mechanical removal with nit combs provide effective, lower‑risk options.
- Resistance to common agents has increased, making professional consultation essential before selecting dichlorvos.
In summary, successful eradication relies on precise dilution, thorough coverage of the scalp, adherence to exposure times, repeated dosing, and strict compliance with safety protocols. Failure to follow these parameters can result in inadequate treatment or adverse health effects.