How are lice treated? - briefly
Lice infestations are typically managed with over‑the‑counter or prescription topical agents containing permethrin, pyrethrin, or dimethicone, applied to the scalp and followed by thorough combing with a fine‑toothed nit comb. Resistant cases may require oral ivermectin or a prescription‑strength spinosad lotion.
How are lice treated? - in detail
Lice infestations require prompt eradication to prevent prolonged discomfort and secondary infections. Effective management combines chemical agents, mechanical removal, and environmental control.
Chemical treatments include over‑the‑counter pediculicides such as permethrin 1 % lotion and pyrethrin‑based sprays. Prescription options feature malathion 0.5 % and ivermectin 0.5 % lotion, each targeting the nervous system of the parasite. Application follows manufacturer instructions: thorough wetting of hair, a minimum exposure period, and rinsing after the specified time. Resistance to permethrin has been documented; in such cases, alternative agents are recommended.
Mechanical removal relies on fine‑toothed nit combs. The procedure involves:
- Saturating hair with conditioner to reduce slip.
- Running the comb from scalp to tip in sections.
- Disposing of each combed segment on a white surface for inspection.
- Repeating the process after 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched lice.
Alternative modalities encompass silicone‑based lotions that coat and suffocate insects, and heated air devices that raise scalp temperature to lethal levels for both lice and nits. Essential‑oil preparations (e.g., tea‑tree oil) lack robust clinical evidence and should be used with caution.
Post‑treatment measures include:
- Re‑application of the chosen chemical after 7 days to address hatching cycles.
- Washing bedding, hats, and personal items in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or sealing them in plastic bags for two weeks.
- Advising close contacts to inspect hair and commence preventive combing.
Comprehensive adherence to the outlined regimen yields high success rates, typically exceeding 90 % when protocols are correctly followed.