How are lice and nits removed? - briefly
Lice and their eggs are eradicated by treating the scalp with an approved pediculicide shampoo or lotion, then combing the hair with a fine-toothed nit comb to remove dead insects and nits. A repeat treatment after 7–10 days eliminates any lice that may have hatched from surviving eggs.
How are lice and nits removed? - in detail
Effective elimination of head‑lice infestations requires a systematic approach that combines chemical or physical treatment, thorough combing, and environmental sanitation.
First, select a treatment method. Over‑the‑counter pediculicides contain either pyrethrins, permethrin, or dimethicone. Follow the product label precisely: apply to dry hair, saturate the scalp, leave for the stipulated duration, then rinse. For individuals who cannot use chemicals—infants, pregnant women, or those with sensitivities—use a silicone‑based lotion or a heated air device that kills insects without toxins.
Second, remove remaining insects and eggs with a fine‑toothed nit comb. Use a metal or plastic comb with teeth spaced 0.2 mm apart. Procedure:
- Divide hair into sections 1–2 cm wide.
- Apply a conditioning spray to reduce friction.
- Starting at the scalp, pull the comb through each section slowly, from root to tip.
- Wipe the comb on a white paper after each pass to verify captured lice or nits.
- Rinse the comb in hot water after every few strokes to prevent re‑infestation.
Repeat the combing process every 2–3 days for two weeks, as newly hatched nits emerge after the initial treatment window.
Third, address personal items and surroundings. Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥60 °C) and dry on high heat. Non‑washable items can be sealed in airtight plastic bags for at least two weeks. Vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture, then discard the vacuum bag or clean the canister thoroughly.
Finally, monitor for recurrence. Perform a visual inspection of the scalp and hair at least once a week for four weeks. If live lice are observed after the second treatment cycle, repeat the chosen pediculicide or switch to an alternative class of product, ensuring no contraindications.
Adhering to this multi‑step protocol—appropriate chemical or physical treatment, diligent combing, and rigorous environmental decontamination—provides the highest probability of complete eradication.