From where do bedbugs come? - briefly
Bedbugs spread primarily through the movement of infested bedding, furniture, luggage and clothing as people travel or relocate. Originally native to tropical regions, they have become a global pest due to worldwide trade and transport.
From where do bedbugs come? - in detail
Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius) are native to tropical regions of Africa, where they co‑evolved with human ancestors and their shelters. Over millennia, the insects adapted to human dwellings, gradually expanding their range through migration and trade.
The species spread beyond its original habitat by exploiting human movement. Primary vectors include:
- International travel; insects hide in suitcases, clothing, and personal items.
- Transportation of second‑hand furniture, mattresses, and carpets.
- Shipping containers and cargo that are stored in warehouses or homes.
Urbanization creates dense environments that favor infestation. High‑rise apartments and multi‑unit buildings provide numerous adjacent hosts, allowing colonies to merge and proliferate. Climate change influences distribution by extending the periods during which temperatures remain suitable for reproduction, thereby enabling establishment in previously inhospitable regions.
Control efforts focus on early detection, thorough cleaning of infested items, and professional application of heat or chemical treatments. Preventive measures—regular inspection of luggage, quarantine of used furniture, and public awareness—reduce the likelihood of introduction and subsequent spread.