A child has lice: how can they be removed? - briefly
Apply a permethrin‑based lice treatment to the child's scalp, leave it for the specified time, then rinse thoroughly. Afterwards, comb damp hair with a fine‑toothed nit comb to remove nits, repeat the treatment in 7–10 days, and wash bedding and clothing in hot water.
A child has lice: how can they be removed? - in detail
A child with head lice requires prompt, thorough treatment to eliminate the parasites and prevent reinfestation.
First, confirm the presence of live insects or viable nits attached to hair shafts within two centimeters of the scalp. Use a fine-toothed lice comb on wet, conditioned hair, inspecting each section under adequate lighting.
Next, select an appropriate pediculicide. Over‑the‑counter products containing 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % pyrethrin are effective for most cases. Apply according to label directions, ensuring the scalp and hair are fully covered. Leave the preparation for the recommended duration, then rinse thoroughly. For resistant infestations, prescription agents such as 0.5 % malathion or 0.05 % ivermectin may be required; these should be administered under medical supervision.
After chemical treatment, remove residual nits mechanically:
- Wet the hair with a conditioner to immobilize nits.
- Use a metal or fine‑tooth plastic comb, starting at the scalp and moving outward.
- Clean the comb after each pass with a tissue or rinse in hot water.
- Repeat the combing process every 2–3 days for two weeks.
Environmental control reduces the risk of re‑infestation:
- Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used in the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Seal non‑washable items in a sealed plastic bag for at least two weeks.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and car seats; discard vacuum bags afterward.
Monitor the child for at least four weeks. If live lice reappear, repeat the pediculicide treatment after seven days, following the same combing regimen. Persistent cases may indicate resistance or incorrect application and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Maintain communication with caregivers and school personnel to coordinate screening and treatment, ensuring all affected individuals receive the same protocol. This comprehensive approach eliminates the infestation and minimizes the likelihood of recurrence.