Why does a cat have ear ticks? - briefly
Ear mites are tiny parasites that colonize the ear canal, feeding on wax and skin debris and provoking inflammation. Their activity produces itching, dark discharge, and may lead to secondary infections if untreated.
Why does a cat have ear ticks? - in detail
Ear parasites in felines, commonly known as ear mites, are microscopic arachnids that inhabit the external auditory canal. Female mites lay eggs that hatch within a few days, producing larvae that mature into adult mites in approximately two weeks. The population expands rapidly, creating a dense infestation that can persist for months if untreated.
Typical signs include intense scratching, head shaking, and a dark, crumbly discharge resembling coffee grounds. The debris consists of mite excrement, dead organisms, and inflammatory cells. Continuous irritation may lead to secondary bacterial or fungal infections, thickening of the ear canal, and, in severe cases, perforation of the tympanic membrane.
Diagnosis relies on visual inspection of the ear canal using an otoscope or a bright light. Microscopic examination of a sample of the debris reveals characteristic oval-shaped mites with elongated bodies and six legs. In ambiguous cases, a cytological smear can differentiate mites from bacterial colonies.
Effective management combines acaricidal medication with supportive care. Recommended treatments include:
- Topical solutions containing pyrethrins, selamectin, or ivermectin, applied directly into the ear canal according to the product’s schedule.
- Oral systemic agents such as milbemycin oxime for broader parasite control.
- Thorough cleaning of the ear canal with a veterinarian‑approved cleanser to remove debris before medication application.
- Post‑treatment re‑examination to confirm eradication; a second dose may be necessary after 7–10 days to target newly hatched mites.
Prevention strategies focus on limiting exposure to infected animals and maintaining ear hygiene. Regular inspection of indoor and outdoor cats, prompt treatment of new arrivals, and routine cleaning during grooming reduce the risk of recurrence. Vaccination does not affect mite infestations, so reliance on chemical control and environmental management remains essential.