Why do chickens have fleas? - briefly
Flea infestations arise when chickens are kept in dirty coops where eggs and larvae can develop in the litter, giving the parasites access to blood meals. Routine cleaning and targeted parasite control eliminate the problem.
Why do chickens have fleas? - in detail
Chickens become infested with fleas when adult insects or their larvae find suitable shelter, warmth, and a blood source. The most common species affecting poultry are the chicken flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae) and the sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea). Female fleas lay eggs on the bird’s skin or in the surrounding litter; the eggs hatch into larvae that feed on organic debris, shed skin, and feces before pupating in the environment. A dense, damp litter, poor ventilation, and overcrowding accelerate the flea life cycle, allowing populations to expand rapidly.
Key factors that promote infestation include:
- Moisture: wet bedding provides a humid microclimate essential for larval development.
- Organic buildup: accumulated manure and feathers supply food for larvae.
- Temperature: temperatures between 20 °C and 30 °C support egg hatching and larval growth.
- Stress: birds under nutritional or environmental stress are more prone to heavy infestations.
Infestation manifests as itching, feather loss, reduced egg production, and, in severe cases, anemia. Diagnosis relies on visual inspection of birds for flea movement and examination of litter for eggs and larvae. Laboratory confirmation can be obtained by sending samples to a veterinary parasitology service.
Control measures focus on breaking the flea life cycle:
- Litter management: remove and replace wet bedding weekly; keep the coop dry and well‑ventilated.
- Sanitation: clean perches, nesting boxes, and surrounding areas; dispose of manure in sealed containers.
- Chemical treatment: apply approved insecticidal powders or sprays to the coop, following label instructions to avoid residues on eggs.
- Biological control: introduce beneficial nematodes that prey on flea larvae in the litter.
- Regular health checks: monitor birds for signs of irritation and treat individual birds with topical flea powders if necessary.
Preventive strategies emphasize maintaining a clean, dry environment, providing adequate space per bird, and rotating litter to disrupt the development of immature stages. Consistent application of these practices reduces the likelihood of flea outbreaks and supports overall flock health.