Why did bedbugs reappear? - briefly
The resurgence of «bedbugs» results from intensified global travel, growing resistance to conventional insecticides, and shifts toward less aggressive pest‑control methods. Increased urban density and reduced reliance on potent chemicals in homes have further accelerated their spread.
Why did bedbugs reappear? - in detail
The resurgence of bed bugs across continents reflects a convergence of biological, social, and economic factors.
Resistance to commonly used pyrethroid insecticides has become widespread. Genetic mutations alter the target site of the insecticide, rendering standard sprays ineffective. Laboratory studies document mortality rates below 30 % for several resistant strains, prompting a shift toward alternative chemicals and non‑chemical methods.
International travel and trade accelerate the spread of infestations. Adults or nymphs concealed in luggage, clothing, or used furniture survive transit and establish new colonies in hotels, dormitories, and private residences. The frequency of short‑duration flights and online commerce increases exposure opportunities.
Pest‑management practices have evolved. The phase-out of organochlorine compounds such as DDT removed a historically potent control agent. Contemporary policies favor integrated pest management, which reduces reliance on broad‑spectrum chemicals and may inadvertently allow low‑level populations to persist.
Urban housing dynamics contribute to the problem. High‑density apartment complexes, transient occupancy, and limited resources for regular maintenance create environments where infestations can proliferate unnoticed. Populations experiencing homelessness encounter crowded shelters lacking systematic pest control, further amplifying transmission.
Improved detection and reporting mechanisms heighten apparent prevalence. Molecular diagnostics and public‑health surveillance programs identify infestations earlier and document cases more comprehensively than in previous decades.
Collectively, insecticide resistance, global mobility, altered control strategies, urban housing pressures, and enhanced surveillance explain the renewed prominence of bed bugs worldwide.
«Bed bugs have become a global public health concern, demanding coordinated research and control efforts».