Which poison is used against bedbugs? - briefly
«Permethrin», a synthetic pyrethroid, is the most frequently applied insecticide for eliminating bedbugs. Professional treatments also rely on formulations containing pyrethrins, bifenthrin or chlorfenapyr.
Which poison is used against bedbugs? - in detail
Bedbug control relies on a limited group of insecticides approved for indoor use. The most common classes are:
- Pyrethroids — synthetic analogues of natural pyrethrins; examples include permethrin, deltamethrin, and bifenthrin. They act on the nervous system by prolonging the opening of sodium channels, causing rapid paralysis. Resistance to pyrethroids has become widespread, reducing efficacy in many regions.
- Neonicotinoids — compounds such as imidacloprid and acetamiprid. These bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, leading to overstimulation and death. They are often formulated as sprays or dusts for cracks and crevices.
- Insect growth regulators (IGRs) — methoprene and hydroprene interfere with molting processes, preventing development of immature stages. IGRs are typically used in combination with fast‑acting agents to target both adults and nymphs.
- Desiccant powders — silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and boric acid. Their abrasive particles damage the waxy cuticle, causing dehydration. Desiccants provide a non‑chemical option that remains effective over time and poses minimal toxicity to humans when applied correctly.
- Insecticide‑impregnated fabrics — permethrin‑treated mattress encasements and interceptors capture and kill bugs that attempt to hide.
Safety considerations dictate that all products be applied according to label directions, with proper ventilation and protective equipment. Residual toxicity varies: pyrethroids and neonicotinoids leave measurable residues for weeks, while desiccants leave inert particles. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies combine chemical treatments with thorough cleaning, heat exposure (≥50 °C for several hours), and regular monitoring to achieve lasting eradication.