Where is immunoglobulin given for a tick? - briefly
Immunoglobulin is injected into a muscle, commonly the deltoid or thigh, at or near the tick bite site. This route ensures rapid systemic absorption to counteract the toxin.
Where is immunoglobulin given for a tick? - in detail
Immunoglobulin administered after a tick exposure is delivered by injection rather than by topical application. The preferred route is intramuscular (IM) injection into a large, well‑vascularized muscle, typically the deltoid of the upper arm. When the deltoid is unsuitable—due to injury, limited muscle mass, or patient preference—the gluteal muscle (ventrogluteal site) serves as an alternative. Intravenous (IV) infusion is reserved for severe systemic reactions or when rapid serum concentrations are required; the infusion line is placed in a peripheral vein, most commonly in the forearm.
Key considerations for the injection:
- Site selection – deltoid muscle for routine prophylaxis; ventrogluteal muscle if deltoid access is compromised; IV line for urgent systemic therapy.
- Needle length – 1 in. (25 mm) for adults in the deltoid, 1.5 in. (38 mm) for the gluteal muscle; adjust for pediatric patients according to muscle depth.
- Dosage – standard adult dose of 0.5 mL per 10 kg body weight for tick‑related immunoglobulin preparations; pediatric dosing follows weight‑based calculations.
- Administration technique – clean the skin with an alcohol swab, insert the needle at a 90° angle, aspirate to confirm non‑vascular placement (for IM), then inject steadily. For IV infusion, use a sterile catheter, verify patency, and administer the calculated volume over the recommended time.
- Timing – give the immunoglobulin as soon as possible after tick removal, ideally within 24 hours, to maximize passive immunity against potential pathogens transmitted by the tick.
- Monitoring – observe the patient for at least 30 minutes post‑injection for signs of hypersensitivity (urticaria, bronchospasm, hypotension). Have emergency medications (epinephrine, antihistamines) readily available.
In summary, the immunoglobulin is injected into a large muscle—most commonly the deltoid—or infused intravenously when rapid systemic effect is needed, with strict adherence to dose, technique, and post‑administration observation.