Where do lice come from and how can they be eliminated at home? - briefly
Head lice spread mainly via direct head‑to‑head contact or by sharing contaminated combs, hats, or bedding. Home eradication relies on repeated wet combing with a fine‑toothed lice comb, washing personal items at high temperature, and applying an approved over‑the‑counter pediculicide.
Where do lice come from and how can they be eliminated at home? - in detail
Lice infestations begin when adult female parasites lay eggs (nits) on hair shafts close to the scalp. The insects spread primarily through direct head‑to‑head contact, which is common among children in schools, camps, and sports teams. Secondary routes include sharing combs, hats, scarves, pillows, or upholstered furniture that has not been cleaned after contact with an infested person. Lice cannot survive more than 24‑48 hours off a human host, so the primary source is live carriers.
Eliminating the problem at home requires a systematic approach:
- Mechanical removal – Use a fine‑toothed nit comb on wet, conditioned hair. Comb from scalp to tip, wiping the comb after each pass. Repeat every 2‑3 days for two weeks to catch newly hatched nymphs.
- Chemical treatment – Apply an over‑the‑counter pediculicide containing permethrin (1 %) or pyrethrin. Follow label instructions precisely, leaving the product on the scalp for the recommended time, then rinse thoroughly. A second application 7–10 days later targets any survivors.
- Environmental decontamination – Wash clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥ 130 °F) and tumble‑dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in a plastic bag for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered seats, and car interiors to remove stray hairs bearing nits.
- Preventive measures – Advise all household members to avoid sharing personal items that contact the head. Keep hair tied back or in a braid to reduce contact during group activities. Conduct weekly inspections of hair, especially after school or camp.
Consistent application of these steps typically eradicates the infestation within three weeks. If symptoms persist despite proper use of pediculicides, consult a healthcare professional for alternative prescription options.