What will happen if you have lice? - briefly
An infestation triggers persistent scalp itching, visible nits attached to hair shafts, and can quickly spread through head-to-head contact. If scratched excessively, secondary bacterial infections may develop.
What will happen if you have lice? - in detail
An infestation of head lice triggers a cascade of physical, hygienic, and social effects.
The adult insects and their nymphs attach to the scalp, feeding on blood several times a day. This feeding causes localized irritation, leading to itching that intensifies after a few days. Repeated scratching can break the skin, allowing bacterial entry and resulting in secondary infections such as impetigo or cellulitis. The presence of live insects and their shed skins (nits) is visible on hair shafts, providing a clear diagnostic sign.
The condition also influences personal hygiene practices. Frequent washing, combing with fine-toothed lice combs, and the use of topical pediculicides become necessary. These measures increase water and product consumption and may cause dermatitis if the chemicals irritate the scalp. Over‑the‑counter treatments often contain pyrethrins or dimethicone; prescription options include ivermectin or malathion. Effective eradication requires a repeat application 7–10 days after the first dose to target newly hatched nymphs.
Transmission occurs through direct head‑to‑head contact, which is common among schoolchildren, athletes, and family members. Indirect spread via shared items—combs, hats, pillows—contributes less frequently but remains possible. Close contact in crowded settings raises the risk of rapid group infestation, prompting school or daycare notifications and sometimes temporary exclusion of affected individuals.
Psychological consequences arise from the stigma associated with visible lice. Affected persons may experience embarrassment, anxiety, or reduced self‑esteem, which can affect school attendance and social interaction. Parents often face additional stress related to treatment costs and the need to monitor household members.
Overall, an untreated infestation persists for weeks, with the life cycle completing in about 30 days. Prompt detection, systematic treatment, and thorough cleaning of personal items interrupt the cycle, eliminate the parasites, and prevent the complications outlined above.