What to do with lice and nits on the head? - briefly
Apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide treatment and comb out remaining nits with a fine‑toothed lice comb, then repeat the process after 7–10 days; wash all clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water or seal them in plastic bags for two weeks.
What to do with lice and nits on the head? - in detail
Head lice infestations require prompt, systematic action. First, confirm the presence of live insects and their oval eggs attached to hair shafts near the scalp. Use a fine‑toothed lice comb on wet, conditioned hair; examine comb teeth after each pass for adult lice or nits.
Immediate treatment options
- Apply a certified pediculicide shampoo or lotion according to the product label—typically a 10‑minute exposure, followed by thorough rinsing.
- For resistant cases, seek a prescription medication such as ivermectin or malathion, administered under medical supervision.
- If chemical agents are unsuitable, consider a dimethicone‑based product that suffocates insects without neurotoxic action.
Egg removal
- After chemical treatment, run a metal nit comb through the entire length of hair at 1‑cm intervals, starting at the crown and working outward.
- Repeat combing every 2‑3 days for a full week to catch newly hatched lice before they lay additional eggs.
- Dispose of combed material by soaking in hot water (≥50 °C) for 10 minutes or by sealing in a plastic bag and discarding.
Environmental decontamination
- Wash all clothing, bedding, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in hot water (≥60 °C) and dry on high heat.
- Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in airtight bags for at least two weeks, depriving lice of a host.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats; discard vacuum bags or clean canisters immediately.
Follow‑up assessment
- Conduct a visual inspection 7‑10 days after the initial treatment.
- If live insects persist, repeat the chosen pediculicide following label instructions; avoid exceeding recommended application frequency to prevent resistance.
- Document any adverse skin reactions and consult a healthcare professional if irritation worsens.
Preventive measures
- Instruct all household members to avoid sharing combs, hats, pillows, or hair accessories.
- Encourage routine head checks, especially in settings where close contact is common (schools, camps).
- Maintain hair hygiene but do not rely on frequent shampooing alone, as lice survive regardless of cleanliness.
By executing chemical treatment, meticulous combing, thorough cleaning of personal items, and ongoing monitoring, the infestation can be eliminated and recurrence minimized.