What to do about lice? - briefly
Examine the scalp, remove live insects and nits with a fine‑tooth comb, apply an FDA‑approved pediculicide as directed, repeat the treatment after 7–10 days, and wash clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water.
What to do about lice? - in detail
Head lice become apparent through persistent itching, visible nits attached to hair shafts, or live insects moving near the scalp. Confirm the presence by parting hair close to the scalp and examining the base for tiny, oval-shaped nits that are firmly cemented and not easily dislodged.
Immediate response involves selecting an appropriate eradication method. Options include:
- Over‑the‑counter pediculicides containing 1 % permethrin or pyrethrin; apply to dry hair, leave for the recommended time, then rinse.
- Prescription agents such as malathion (0.5 %) or ivermectin lotion; follow exact dosage and exposure guidelines.
- Dimethicone‑based products that suffocate insects without neurotoxic chemicals; apply generously, cover hair, and remove after the specified period.
- Mechanical removal using a fine‑toothed nit comb; comb hair in sections from scalp to ends, repeating every 2–3 days for at least two weeks.
Application steps:
- Wash hair with regular shampoo; towel‑dry.
- Apply the chosen treatment according to label instructions, ensuring full coverage of scalp and hair.
- Allow the product to remain for the prescribed duration; do not rinse prematurely.
- Rinse thoroughly, then repeat the process after 7–10 days to target newly hatched nymphs.
- Use a nit comb after each treatment to eliminate residual nits.
Environmental control reduces re‑infestation risk. Wash all bedding, clothing, and towels used within the previous 48 hours in water ≥ 130 °F (54 °C) and dry on high heat. Items that cannot be laundered should be sealed in plastic bags for two weeks. Vacuum carpets, upholstered furniture, and vehicle seats; discard vacuum bags promptly.
Preventive measures focus on minimizing head contact and shared objects. Encourage children to keep hair tied back, avoid hat or hair‑brush sharing, and conduct weekly scalp inspections, especially after group activities. Inform schools or daycare centers of any case to facilitate coordinated screening.
Monitor progress by checking for live lice or viable nits three days after treatment and again one week later. If live insects persist despite correct application, consult a healthcare professional for alternative regimens or resistance testing. Continuous vigilance for at least one month ensures complete eradication.