What should be used if a child has lice? - briefly
Use an FDA‑approved pediculicide, such as a 1 % permethrin or 0.5 % malathion shampoo, and then remove remaining nits with a fine‑toothed comb. Repeat the treatment according to the product instructions to ensure eradication.
What should be used if a child has lice? - in detail
When a child is found to have head‑lice, immediate treatment should combine a topical insecticide with mechanical removal and environmental decontamination.
The first step is to apply an approved lice‑killing product directly to the scalp and hair. Options include:
- Permethrin 1 % lotion or shampoo, applied for 10 minutes and rinsed off; safe for children over 2 years.
- Pyrethrin‑based preparations, used for children older than 6 months; follow the label’s timing precisely.
- Dimethicone (silicone‑based) lotion, which suffocates lice without neurotoxic chemicals; suitable for infants and toddlers.
- Prescription agents such as malathion 0.5 % or ivermectin lotion, reserved for cases where over‑the‑counter options fail or resistance is suspected; require medical supervision.
After the chemical treatment, a fine‑toothed nit comb must be used on wet, conditioned hair. Run the comb from scalp to tip in sections, rinsing the comb after each pass. Repeat the combing process for at least three consecutive days to capture newly hatched nymphs.
Environmental measures reduce reinfestation:
- Wash all worn clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (≥ 130 °F/54 °C) and dry on high heat for at least 20 minutes.
- Seal non‑washable items (e.g., stuffed animals) in a sealed plastic bag for two weeks, the lifespan of a louse.
- Vacuum carpets, upholstery, and car seats to remove stray hairs that may contain eggs.
A second application of the chosen topical agent is typically required 7–10 days after the first, targeting any surviving eggs that have hatched. Monitor the child’s scalp daily; absence of live lice for two weeks confirms successful eradication.
If symptoms persist, consult a healthcare professional to verify correct product use, assess for resistance, and consider alternative prescription therapy.