What is the test for ticks called? - briefly
The standard laboratory method for detecting pathogens in ticks is a PCR assay (polymerase chain reaction). Some laboratories also employ ELISA to screen for specific tick‑borne infections.
What is the test for ticks called? - in detail
The laboratory procedure used to determine the species of a tick and to detect any microorganisms it may carry is commonly referred to as tick identification and pathogen testing. Identification begins with a visual examination of morphological features such as mouthparts, scutum pattern, and leg segmentation, often performed by a trained acarologist. When visual cues are insufficient, DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene provides definitive species confirmation.
Pathogen detection relies on molecular and immunological assays. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies genetic material from bacteria, viruses, or protozoa, allowing identification of agents such as Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Rickettsia spp. Real‑time PCR offers quantitative results and rapid turnaround. For broader screening, multiplex PCR panels target multiple tick‑borne pathogens in a single reaction.
Serological methods complement molecular testing. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detects antibodies against specific pathogens, indicating prior exposure. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) provides visual confirmation of antibody binding on pathogen‑specific slides. Culture techniques are rarely used due to low sensitivity and long incubation periods but remain valuable for isolating viable organisms for research.
Result reporting includes species identification, presence or absence of each tested pathogen, and, when applicable, quantitative PCR cycle threshold values. This comprehensive approach enables clinicians to assess infection risk, guide treatment decisions, and inform public‑health surveillance.