What is the test for lice called? - briefly
The procedure used to detect head lice is called a pediculosis examination, typically performed with a fine‑toothed comb.
What is the test for lice called? - in detail
The diagnostic procedure for head lice is commonly referred to as a lice inspection or lice detection test. It involves a systematic visual and tactile examination of the scalp and hair to identify live insects, nymphs, or eggs (nits).
The inspection typically follows these steps:
- Wet the hair and apply a conditioner to reduce tangles.
- Use a fine‑toothed lice comb, moving from the scalp outward in small sections.
- Examine each comb pass for live lice, which appear as small, grayish‑brown insects about 2–3 mm long, and for nits, which are oval, yellow‑white, and firmly attached to hair shafts near the scalp.
- Transfer any suspected specimens to a white surface for close inspection under magnification, often with a handheld dermatoscope or a low‑power microscope, to confirm species identification.
Alternative methods include:
- Microscopic analysis – collected hair samples are examined under a laboratory microscope, providing definitive identification but requiring specialized equipment.
- Molecular testing (PCR) – DNA extracted from hair or lice specimens is amplified to detect Pediculus humanus capitis genetic material; this approach is highly sensitive and useful in research or outbreak investigations.
- Electronic detection devices – some devices emit infrared or ultraviolet light to highlight lice movement, though their accuracy varies and they are not widely adopted in routine practice.
Effectiveness of the visual combing method depends on thoroughness, hair length, and the skill of the examiner. Sensitivity ranges from 70 % to 95 % when performed by trained personnel, while specificity exceeds 95 % because nits and lice are morphologically distinct. Microscopic confirmation raises sensitivity to above 98 % but adds time and cost.
The procedure is non‑invasive, requires minimal equipment, and can be completed within 10–15 minutes per individual. It is the standard approach employed by schools, healthcare providers, and public‑health agencies to diagnose infestations and to monitor treatment outcomes.