What is the name of the proboscis of a tick? - briefly
The tick’s feeding apparatus is called the hypostome. It functions as a barbed, tube‑like structure used to pierce host skin and ingest blood.
What is the name of the proboscis of a tick? - in detail
The feeding organ of a tick is termed the «hypostome». It forms the central component of the capitulum, the collective mouth‑part complex that also includes the chelicerae and palps. The hypostome is a rigid, barbed structure that penetrates host tissue and anchors the parasite during blood intake. Its barbs interlock with dermal fibers, preventing detachment while the tick expands its abdomen.
Key anatomical features of the hypostome:
- Barbed shaft – composed of chitin, bearing microscopic backward‑pointing denticles that secure attachment.
- Base plate – connects the hyposomatic muscles to the surrounding capitulum, enabling controlled insertion and retraction.
- Venom‑delivery canals – internal channels convey saliva containing anticoagulants, anti‑inflammatory agents, and immunomodulators into the feeding site.
Functionally, the hypostome operates as a conduit for blood flow. Saliva introduced through the canalized ducts dilutes clotting factors, while the barbed tip maintains a stable position despite host grooming. The chelicerae, positioned laterally, assist in cutting the epidermis, whereas the palps serve a sensory role, locating suitable attachment sites.
Variations among tick families affect hypostome morphology. Ixodidae (hard ticks) possess a relatively long, heavily barbed hypostome suited for prolonged feeding periods lasting days. Argasidae (soft ticks) exhibit a shorter, less barbed structure, reflecting their brief feeding episodes.
In summary, the term «hypostome» designates the specialized, barbed proboscis that enables ticks to attach securely and ingest blood efficiently. Its integration with chelicerae, palps, and salivary secretions constitutes the complete feeding apparatus.