What is the name of the disease caused by fleas in dogs? - briefly
The condition is called flea‑induced allergic dermatitis (FAD), a hypersensitivity reaction to flea saliva that leads to intense itching and skin inflammation in dogs.
What is the name of the disease caused by fleas in dogs? - in detail
Flea‑induced disease in dogs is most commonly flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), a hypersensitivity reaction to flea saliva. The condition develops after a single bite in sensitised animals and can progress rapidly to severe skin inflammation.
Clinical presentation
- Intense itching, especially around the tail base, hindquarters, and abdomen.
- Red, raised papules or pustules that may coalesce into larger lesions.
- Hair loss and crusted scabs in affected areas.
- Secondary bacterial infection, evidenced by foul odor or purulent discharge.
Pathophysiology
FAD results from an IgE‑mediated immune response to proteins in flea saliva. Repeated exposure amplifies the response, causing mast‑cell degranulation, histamine release, and vasodilation. The ensuing inflammation attracts eosinophils and neutrophils, perpetuating tissue damage.
Diagnostic approach
- Thorough physical examination to identify characteristic distribution of lesions.
- Flea combing or environmental assessment to confirm active flea infestation.
- Skin scrapings or cytology to rule out concurrent parasites or infections.
- Intradermal allergy testing may be employed when the diagnosis is uncertain.
Therapeutic protocol
- Immediate flea control – administer a fast‑acting adulticide (e.g., imidacloprid, nitenpyram) to eliminate existing fleas.
- Long‑term prevention – use monthly oral or topical ectoparasiticides (e.g., afoxolaner, fluralaner) to break the flea life cycle.
- Symptomatic relief – prescribe antihistamines, glucocorticoids, or ciclosporin to suppress the allergic response.
- Skin care – apply medicated shampoos containing chlorhexidine or benzoyl peroxide; treat secondary bacterial infections with appropriate antibiotics.
- Environmental management – vacuum carpets, wash bedding at high temperature, and apply insect growth regulators (IGRs) to the home environment.
Prognosis
With diligent flea eradication and consistent preventive treatment, most dogs experience rapid symptom resolution and reduced risk of recurrence. Failure to control the vector leads to chronic dermatitis, skin thickening, and potential systemic complications.