What is the disease caused by head lice called? - briefly
The infestation of the scalp by head lice is medically termed pediculosis capitis. It is a parasitic condition characterized by itching and the presence of live lice or nits on hair shafts.
What is the disease caused by head lice called? - in detail
Pediculosis capitis, commonly referred to as head‑lice infestation, is a parasitic condition caused by the ectoparasite Pediculus humanus capitis. The insects live on the scalp, attaching their eggs (nits) to hair shafts and feeding on blood several times a day.
Clinical manifestations include intense pruritus, especially behind the ears and at the nape of the neck, due to allergic reactions to lice saliva. Visible signs comprise live lice, translucent nits firmly adhered to hair strands, and secondary skin irritation from scratching. In severe cases, excoriations may become infected with bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Diagnosis relies on direct visual inspection. A fine‑toothed comb, used on wet hair, can reveal live insects and nits. Microscopic examination is unnecessary but may confirm identification when uncertainty persists.
Management options consist of:
- Topical pediculicides: Permethrin 1 % lotion, pyrethrin‑based products, or dimethicone formulations applied to dry hair, left for the recommended duration, then rinsed.
- Oral agents: Ivermectin tablets for resistant cases or when topical treatment fails.
- Mechanical removal: Daily combing with a lice‑comb for 7–10 days to eliminate newly hatched nymphs.
- Environmental control: Washing bedding, hats, and personal items in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or sealing them in plastic bags for two weeks to kill dormant lice.
Prevention emphasizes regular head checks in high‑risk groups (schoolchildren, daycare attendees), avoiding head‑to‑head contact, and not sharing combs, hats, or headphones. Early detection and prompt treatment reduce transmission and limit complications such as secondary bacterial infection and persistent discomfort.