What is the condition caused by fleas called? - briefly
The condition is called «flea allergy dermatitis», a hypersensitivity reaction to flea saliva. It typically produces intense itching, redness, and papular lesions on the skin.
What is the condition caused by fleas called? - in detail
Flea‑borne illness in mammals most commonly presents as an allergic reaction to flea saliva. The condition, known as flea allergy dermatitis, manifests after a single bite in sensitised animals. Immunoglobulin E‑mediated hypersensitivity triggers inflammation, leading to intense pruritus and skin lesions.
Typical clinical signs include:
- Red, inflamed patches primarily on the lower abdomen, tail base and hind limbs
- Hair loss and crust formation from self‑trauma
- Scabs or papules that may become secondarily infected
Diagnosis relies on a combination of history, physical examination and laboratory testing. Microscopic identification of flea debris in skin scrapings confirms exposure. Intradermal allergen testing or serologic assays detect specific IgE antibodies against flea antigens.
Therapeutic management follows three parallel strategies:
- Elimination of ectoparasites – monthly topical or oral insecticides (e.g., fipronil, selamectin) interrupt the flea life cycle.
- Control of inflammation – glucocorticoids, antihistamines or cyclosporine reduce pruritus and erythema.
- Treatment of secondary infection – topical or systemic antibiotics address bacterial colonisation.
Preventive measures focus on environmental control. Regular vacuuming, washing of bedding at ≥ 60 °C and application of insect growth regulators (e.g., methoprene) suppress immature flea stages. Year‑round prophylaxis is advised in regions with mild climates where fleas remain active.
In humans, flea bites can transmit Yersinia pestis, the bacterium responsible for plague, and Rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus. Both diseases present with fever, lymphadenopathy and, in plague, painful buboes. Prompt antibiotic therapy (streptomycin or doxycycline) is essential to prevent severe complications.
Overall, the ailment caused by flea exposure demands integrated parasite eradication, anti‑inflammatory treatment and rigorous environmental hygiene to achieve lasting remission.