What is the best remedy for lice? - briefly
A 1 % permethrin lotion applied to dry hair for ten minutes, then rinsed off, provides the most consistently effective over‑the‑counter treatment; if resistance is suspected, a prescription ivermectin lotion or a meticulous nit‑combining protocol should be used.
What is the best remedy for lice? - in detail
Head lice infestations require a treatment plan that eliminates live insects and removes nits before they hatch. Effective options fall into three categories: chemical agents, physical methods, and prescription medications.
Chemical pediculicides such as 1 % permethrin lotion and 0.5 % pyrethrin‑piperonyl‑butoxide spray are widely available over the counter. Apply to dry hair, leave for the manufacturer‑specified time (usually 10 minutes), then rinse. Resistance to permethrin has been documented in many regions; a second application after 7–10 days is recommended to target newly emerged lice.
Prescription products include 5 % benzyl alcohol lotion, 0.5 % ivermectin lotion, and 0.2 % spinosad suspension. Benzyl alcohol works by suffocating lice; apply to dry hair, leave for 10 minutes, then wash. Ivermectin, applied to wet hair and left for 10 minutes, provides a single‑dose regimen with high efficacy. Spinosad, a natural insecticide, is applied to dry hair for 10 minutes before rinsing. All three require a repeat treatment after 7 days.
Physical removal relies on a fine‑toothed nit comb (often 0.2 mm spacing). Wet the hair with conditioner, run the comb from scalp to ends, and repeat every 2–3 days for two weeks. This method avoids chemicals and is suitable for infants, pregnant women, and individuals with skin sensitivities.
Dimethicone‑based products, such as 4 % silicone lotion, coat lice and prevent them from breathing. Apply to dry hair, leave for 8 hours, then shampoo. Dimethicone shows no resistance and is safe for all ages.
Adjunctive environmental measures: wash clothing, bedding, and towels in hot water (≥ 60 °C) or seal in plastic bags for two weeks; vacuum carpets and upholstered furniture; avoid sharing combs, hats, or headphones.
A comprehensive protocol typically combines a chemical or prescription agent with nit combing, repeats after a week, and includes environmental decontamination. This integrated approach maximizes eradication while minimizing reinfestation.