What is subcutaneous tick in cats? - briefly
A subcutaneous tick is a parasite that inserts its mouthparts beneath a cat’s skin, remaining invisible to the naked eye. It may cause swelling, irritation, and transmit disease, so veterinary removal is essential.
What is subcutaneous tick in cats? - in detail
Subcutaneous tick infestation in felines occurs when a tick embeds its mouthparts beneath the skin, leaving the body hidden while it feeds on blood. Unlike attached ticks that are visible on the surface, these parasites reside in the subdermal tissue, making detection more difficult.
The condition is most frequently caused by the species Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, which are capable of inserting their hypostome deep enough to avoid external observation. The parasite remains attached for several days, engorging and potentially transmitting pathogens such as Bartonella henselae or Rickettsia spp.
Typical clinical signs include:
- Localized swelling or a firm nodule under the skin
- Mild to moderate pain on palpation
- Erythema or bruising around the affected area
- Reduced appetite or lethargy if systemic infection develops
- Fever in advanced cases
Diagnosis relies on a thorough physical examination, focusing on areas where ticks commonly attach (neck, base of tail, between shoulder blades). Ultrasonography or high‑frequency dermoscopy may reveal the tick’s body beneath the epidermis. Laboratory tests (CBC, serology) help assess secondary infections.
Effective treatment follows a stepwise protocol:
- Administer a systemic acaricide (e.g., selamectin or afoxolaner) at the recommended dose.
- Apply a locally acting anti‑inflammatory (e.g., prednisolone) to reduce swelling.
- Perform a sterile incision over the nodule if the tick is palpable; extract the parasite with fine forceps, ensuring the mouthparts are removed completely.
- Treat any identified bacterial or viral infection with appropriate antibiotics or supportive therapy.
- Monitor the site for signs of infection or recurrence for at least two weeks.
Prevention strategies focus on regular tick control products, environmental management (removing leaf litter, keeping grass trimmed), and periodic inspection of the cat’s coat, especially after outdoor exposure. Monthly topical or oral tick preventatives significantly lower the risk of subdermal infestations.
Prognosis is favorable when the parasite is removed promptly and secondary infections are addressed. Delayed detection may lead to tissue necrosis, chronic inflammation, or systemic disease, underscoring the importance of vigilant observation and timely veterinary intervention.