What is demodicosis? - briefly
Demodicosis is an infestation of the skin and hair follicles by microscopic Demodex mites, primarily affecting dogs and sometimes humans. The condition causes itching, hair loss, and inflammation, and is confirmed by microscopic examination of skin scrapings.
What is demodicosis? - in detail
Demodicosis is a skin disorder caused by overpopulation of microscopic mites of the genus Demodex that normally inhabit hair follicles and sebaceous glands. The two species most frequently implicated are Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis. An imbalance between mite proliferation and host immune response leads to inflammatory lesions.
Epidemiology shows that low‑level colonization occurs in the majority of healthy individuals, while clinical disease emerges more often in immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and young animals. In dogs, the condition is commonly referred to as “red mange,” whereas in humans it presents as rosacea‑like eruptions, papulopustular rash, or blepharitis.
Clinical manifestations include:
- erythema and papules around the face, especially the cheeks and nose;
- follicular pustules and scaling;
- ocular irritation when mites invade eyelash follicles;
- in animals, alopecia, crusting, and pruritus.
Diagnosis relies on microscopic examination of skin scrapings, tape‑strip samples, or eyelash clippings. A count exceeding five mites per low‑power field typically confirms pathological overgrowth. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays provide species‑specific identification when required.
Therapeutic strategies aim to reduce mite burden and control inflammation:
- topical acaricides such as ivermectin or benzyl benzoate applied once or twice daily for several weeks;
- oral ivermectin or milbemycin for systemic control, especially in severe cases;
- adjunctive anti‑inflammatory agents (e.g., topical metronidazole, oral tetracyclines) to mitigate lesions;
- hygiene measures, including regular facial cleansing and avoidance of oily cosmetics, to limit mite habitat.
Prognosis is favorable when treatment is initiated early; complete remission often occurs within two to three months. Persistent cases may require prolonged maintenance therapy and periodic monitoring of mite density.
Prevention focuses on maintaining skin health, minimizing immunosuppression, and controlling environmental factors that favor mite proliferation. Regular veterinary examinations for pets and dermatological check‑ups for at‑risk individuals support early detection and management.