What happens when a bedbug bites? - briefly
A bedbug injects saliva during feeding, creating a painless puncture that later becomes a red, itchy wheal often with mild swelling. Reactions range from minor irritation to stronger allergic responses in susceptible individuals.
What happens when a bedbug bites? - in detail
Bedbugs feed by inserting a needle‑like mouthpart into the skin and releasing saliva that contains anticoagulants and anesthetic compounds. The saliva prevents blood clotting and dulls the immediate sensation of the bite, allowing the insect to feed for several minutes while the host remains largely unaware.
Within minutes to a few hours after the puncture, the affected area typically develops a small, red, raised spot. The spot may be surrounded by a faint halo and is often accompanied by itching. The intensity of the skin response varies with the individual’s immune sensitivity; some people notice only a faint discoloration, while others experience pronounced swelling and a welts that can coalesce into larger plaques.
The visible reaction generally peaks between 24 and 48 hours post‑bite. In many cases the lesion fades within a week, leaving a faint brownish stain that can persist for several weeks. Secondary bacterial infection may occur if the skin is scratched excessively, leading to increased redness, pus formation, or systemic signs such as fever.
A minority of individuals exhibit hypersensitivity to the proteins in bedbug saliva. Reactions can range from pronounced urticaria to, in rare instances, anaphylactic symptoms that require emergency medical attention. Repeated exposure can sensitize the immune system, resulting in more severe responses over time.
Clinical management focuses on symptom relief and prevention of infection. Recommended measures include:
- Gentle cleansing of the area with mild soap and water.
- Application of over‑the‑counter antihistamine creams or oral antihistamines to reduce itching.
- Use of low‑potency topical corticosteroids for pronounced inflammation.
- Monitoring for signs of infection; seeking professional care if redness expands, drainage appears, or fever develops.
Eliminating the source of infestation—through thorough mattress encasement, regular laundering of bedding at high temperatures, and professional pest‑control interventions—prevents further bites and reduces the risk of cumulative skin reactions.