What does it mean that a child has lice? - briefly
It indicates that the child is presently infested with head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), a parasitic insect that lives on the scalp and feeds on blood. Prompt removal of the insects and their eggs, together with hygiene measures, is required to halt transmission.
What does it mean that a child has lice? - in detail
When a child is found to have head lice, it indicates the presence of Pediculus humanus capitis, a parasitic insect that feeds on scalp blood. The infestation is confined to the hair and skin of the scalp; it does not transmit disease in most cases. Detection typically involves finding live insects, eggs (nits) attached near the hair shaft, or signs of itching caused by bite irritation.
Transmission occurs through direct head-to-head contact, which is common during play, sports, or close personal interactions. Indirect spread via shared combs, hats, helmets, or bedding is possible but less frequent. The parasite’s life cycle lasts about three weeks: eggs hatch in 7–10 days, nymphs mature within another week, and adult lice reproduce continuously while attached to the host.
Treatment requires eliminating both live insects and viable eggs. Recommended steps include:
- Applying a pediculicide shampoo or lotion containing permethrin 1% or pyrethrin with piperonyl‑butoxide, following label instructions precisely.
- Comb‑through with a fine‑toothed nit comb after treatment to remove remaining nits; repeat every 2–3 days for at least two weeks.
- Laundering clothing, bedding, and personal items in hot water (≥130 °F/54 °C) or sealing them in plastic bags for two weeks to kill dormant lice.
- Avoiding re‑infestation by discouraging head contact, not sharing personal items, and inspecting household members.
Potential complications are limited but may include secondary bacterial infection from scratching, scalp inflammation, and emotional distress due to stigma. Schools often have policies that require notification of the school nurse, temporary exclusion until treatment is completed, and verification of clearance through a follow‑up inspection.
Prevention strategies focus on early detection and hygiene practices: regular head checks, especially after outbreaks; educating children about avoiding head contact; and maintaining clean personal items. Prompt identification and thorough treatment reduce the duration of infestation and limit spread within families and peer groups.